Ensure a generous coating on each rusty spot. Let It Sit: Allow the baking soda paste to sit on the rusted areas for at least 15-20 minutes. This gives the baking soda time to react with the rust and begin the cleaning process. Scrub Gently: Take a soft brush or sponge and gently scrub the rusted areas.Rub 1 tablespoon (for 12-inch skillet) or 2 teaspoons (for 10-inch skillet) oil all over surface of skillet using paper towels. Using clean paper towels, ...Soak your pan in the vinegar solution. Let it soak for 30 minutes to an hour, but not more than this. After soaking, use the steel wool or brush to scrub the skillet again. The vinegar will break down the rust. If you still see some rust spots, mix baking soda with a small amount of water to create a paste.Use a fine grade steel wool pad and scrub the pan surface, inside and out, to remove rust and debris. Wash the residue with hot water and mild soap if needed. Once you have cleaned all the residue off the cast iron skillet, wash and dry your skillet as noted. Baking soda also helps in removing any nasty odor from your skillet. For this method, you’ll be needing: 3-4 tablespoons of baking soda. 2 tablespoons of a solution of dish soap and warm water. Mix a few drops of dish soap in warm water. Now, to this solution, add the baking soda and mix thoroughly.Remove any rust or cooked on bits of food. Preheat your oven to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. On the bottom rack, lay down a large piece of aluminum foil. This will catch any drippings from your pan as it bakes. Use a lint free cloth or paper towel and coat your cast iron with vegetable oil. You can also use canola oil.An 8-in-1 toxin-free enameled cast iron cookware system. $155. Color: Sage. Add to cart. Why You’ll Love It. The perfect blend of premium materials and our 8-in-1 multifunctionality, the Always Pan in cast iron does everything you could wish for…and more. A 10.5-inch pan that grills, sears, braises, fries, sautes, roasts, bakes, broils ...First, scrub the skillet with a stiff brush and hot water. Second, dry the skillet with a paper towel or clean cloth. Third, apply a thin layer of oil to the skillet. Fourth, heat the skillet over medium heat for 5 minutes. Finally, use a paper towel or clean cloth to wipe any excess oil from the skillet.Learn how to clean a cast iron skillet with simple methods and tips from The Home Depot. Find out what you should and shouldn't do, how to season and restore your cookware, …Cleaning Enameled Cast Iron Cookware. If you have an enameled cast iron pot, no special treatment is needed when cleaning. You clean these just how you normally would clean pots or pans. Wash it in soapy water, put it in the dishwasher. The only thing you want to avoid is using steel wool (or super abrasive scrubby tools), so your …Dec 23, 2022 · How To Use Your Self-Cleaning Oven Top Clean Cast Iron Pans: Lower both your oven racks to the two bottom positions in the oven. Line the lowest rack with aluminum foil (to catch any drippings from the pan). Place the cookware upside down the the top rack in the oven. Bake for 1 hour, turn off oven, and leave the cookware in the oven until it ... Raj. 20, 1439 AH ... Take your cast iron skillet to the sink and use hot water and a kitchen sponge or bristle brush to scrub off any remaining bits of food. No soap ...Saf. 24, 1443 AH ... Cleaning a cast iron skillet: 4 easy steps · Step 1: Clean with hot water immediately after use · Step 2: Scrub excess food using a soft dish&nbs...The versatile Blacklock Triple Seasoned Cast Iron Skillet is part of Lodge's line of pans replicating antique cast iron. While available in 7-inch, 10.25-inch, 12-inch, and 14.5-inch versions, we tested the largest size in the Lab and found it to be one of the best on the market—second only to the Stargazer (our splurge pick).A good enameled cast iron skillet can sear and brown without sticking, be easy to clean, and have even heat distribution. We tested 23 models to find the best enameled cast iron skillets on the ...2. Clean with warm water and washing up liquid . There are many things you shouldn’t put in a dishwasher, and a cast iron skillet is one of them.Rob Falconer, Head of Range at ProCook, seconds ...Dhuʻl-Q. 28, 1441 AH ... soaking a rusted pan or any steel object in Coca Cola for several hours eliminates a lot of scrubbing. (and people drink that stuff!!)But, if handled appropriately, carefully, and with due respect, it is a perfectly acceptable means of cleaning cast iron cookware. Since lye is a commonly used chemical for drain cleaning purposes, the used iron cleaning solution, already relatively dilute compared to drain cleaner, can be emptied down a household drain a gallon or so at a time along with …Lodge Pan Scrapers, 2-Pack. $6.95. Amazon. Buy Now. Save to Wish List. Simply scrape away food with this magic piece of plastic, and you’ll wonder why you ever thought caring for cast iron was hard. There are other tools that work, but none that are so effortless to clean and put away. This brush will do the job, but it looks gross after just ...The Amazon Basics Pre-Seasoned Cast-Iron Pan had some strong ergonomic features, including an easy-to-grip handle with a thumb imprint and a robust helper handle, but the pre-seasoning it claimed ...Cast Iron Skillet Cleaning. Every once in a while, cast iron needs a more thorough clean—especially if you’ve let something burn. No need to worry, though: simply fill up your cast iron with hot water and a bit of coarse sea salt and let it soak for a few minutes. Take a pan scraper and remove any stubborn crud.Clean it while it’s hot, or reheat the pan if it has cooled. Once it’s pretty warm, scrub with a brush and hot water. Wait until the pan is cool enough to handle. Add water to the pan and let it sit for 15 minutes. Then scrub with warm water, mild detergent, and a scraper and stiff brush.Preheat the oven to 400˚. Wash your skillet well with hot, soapy water and dry it. Spread a thin layer of vegetable oil or shortening in the skillet, wiping out any excess. Arrange your oven racks so there are two racks about equal distance apart. Place a sheet of foil over the bottom rack to catch the oil drips in the next step.Get a step-by-step guide to cleaning and caring for your cast-iron skillet.Subscribe http://foodtv.com/YouTubeWelcome to Food Network, where learning to co...Many cast iron skillets that you purchase (like those from Lodge) will come pre-seasoned, meaning that the manufacturer has put the pan through the seasoning process, so there is at least one layer of seasoning already baked on the pan. ... Soap today is different and can be used to clean cast iron. Just like bacon these old timers were …Because there’s no handle, I have to keep my hands in the super-hot and gross dishwater while using it. (Note to self: Buy more gloves ASAP!) But for incredible durability and effectiveness, chainmail can’t be beat. …Jan 1, 2020 · This helps create what cast iron enthusiasts call its “season”. A well-seasoned cast iron skillet will prevent food from sticking which is the true wonder of a cast iron! What to Cook In Your Cast Iron Skilled. Now, while most foods are great in a cast iron, you do want to avoid cooking tomato-based foods, omelets, desserts, and delicate fish. A cast iron skillet is a versatile and durable kitchen tool that can last for generations if properly cared for. One of the most important aspects of maintaining a cast iron skille...Step #2. Create a baking soda paste by mixing water with baking soda until the mixture starts to thicken. Step #3. Spread the paste over the burned areas of your cast iron skillet and let it sit like that overnight. Step #4. The next day you can expect to see a hardened formation over the burn stains.How to clean a cast iron pan. Taking the time and care needed to properly clean your cast iron pan will prevent the build-up of germs, bacteria and worse - rust! If you have a cast iron skillet, dutch oven or grill pan, the method for cleaning these is the same. What you'll need: A little bit of dish soap (yes, it's okay)Saf. 29, 1438 AH ... First, try steel wool and soap. Give it a good thorough scrub to remove crusty residue and traces of rust, and get it back to a level surface.First Geoffrey recommends using two cast iron pans – one for fish, and the other for meat. To clean, he just cranks up the heat and adds a bunch of kosher sa...Jul 31, 2023 · While your cookware is cool enough to touch, wash it with a few drops of mild dish soap and a stiff bristle dish brush. Rinse the pan. Reminder: Do not soak the skillet. Take it back to the burner ... Prep. Remove the steak from the refrigerator at least 15 minutes before searing. Pat the steak down with paper towels to remove excess moisture. If you’ll be cooking more than one steak, use a skillet with plenty of space. If the steaks are too close, the steam will prevent them from searing properly.Nov 30, 2023 · Soak your pan in the vinegar solution. Let it soak for 30 minutes to an hour, but not more than this. After soaking, use the steel wool or brush to scrub the skillet again. The vinegar will break down the rust. If you still see some rust spots, mix baking soda with a small amount of water to create a paste. To clean a cast iron pan or skillet on a day-to-day basis, heed this advice from Le Creuset: ‘Remove the pan away from the heat, and always allow it to cool for 5 to 10 minutes before filling with warm water and leaving it to soak for 15 to 20 minutes before washing. 'Use a dishwasher brush to remove any stuck on caramelized food debris.Explore Bon Appétit How-To Cleaning Tools. Get one year of unlimited recipes for just $6. For minor rust spots, scrubbing with coarse salt will do—but to restore fully rusted cast iron, our 3 ...57K. Share. 3.2M views 2 years ago. Want to keep your cast iron cookware looking like new? Chef Frank Proto demonstrates and explains everything you need to …Lodge Pan Scrapers, 2-Pack. $6.95. Amazon. Buy Now. Save to Wish List. Simply scrape away food with this magic piece of plastic, and you’ll wonder why you ever thought caring for cast iron was hard. There are other tools that work, but none that are so effortless to clean and put away. This brush will do the job, but it looks gross after just ...Jan 31, 2023 · How to clean a cast iron skillet after everyday use. 1. While the pan is still warm, rinse it under hot water and use a non-abrasive sponge or cast iron cleaning brush, such as the Full Circle ... Their skillets come in sizes ranging from just 3.5 to 15 inches for only $5 to $60. When you picture an iconic cast iron skillet, Lodge is probably what comes to mind. Lodge Classic skillets come preseasoned (more on that below), have straight sides, and short handles as well as helper handles on the other side.Muh. 22, 1443 AH ... If you still feel that avoiding soap on cast iron is the right choice for you, that's fine — the scrub brush and scraper Feltman recommends can ...Get a step-by-step guide to cleaning and caring for your cast-iron skillet.Subscribe http://foodtv.com/YouTubeWelcome to Food Network, where learning to co...The Right Way to Clean a Rusty Cast-Iron Skillet. Cast iron can become rusty when it's exposed to moisture for too long. By. Madeline Buiano. Published on …Cast iron is used in applications where its resistance to wear and deformation are beneficial, such as in cooking pots. The automotive industry uses cast iron in cars because it re...Jan 11, 2021 · To eliminate the unwanted odor, simply bake your cast iron pan in the oven at 400 degrees F for 15 minutes. This easy, odor-eliminating method won't damage the seasoning on your cookware. A traditional method calls for you to sprinkle a layer of regular table salt on the cooking surface of your cookware, leave it on overnight, and rinse it off ... Get a big pot large enough to hold the skillet. Fill it with a solution of half white vinegar, half water. Place the skillet in the pot and make sure it's completely submerged. Soak it for at least 3 hours so the vinegar has time to dissolve the rust. [12] When you remove the skillet, check for rust.Nov 7, 2023 · Enameled cast-iron cookware is a type of cast-iron skillet that has a nonstick cooking surface. This type of skillet is ideal for cooking dishes that require a non-stick surface. When it comes to cleaning a cast-iron skillet, it’s important to note that soap should not be used. Aug 24, 2022 · Amazon. Lodge offers a simple three-step process to restore a rusted cast-iron pan: Scrub: Scour the rusty pan with warm, soapy water and steel wool. Rinse and hand dry thoroughly. Oil: Apply a ... Submerge Pan in Boiling Baking Soda Solution. To remove years of burned-on stains on both sides, boiling the entire pan should loosen caked-on stains. Fill a large pot, like a stock pot, with water. Add the pan, submerge it, and bring it to a boil. Add 1/4 to 1/2 cup of baking soda to the pot. Reduce heat to a gentle boil, boiling for 15 to 30 ...In most cases, a cast-iron skillet can be used on a glass cook-top as long as precautions are taken to prevent damage to the cooking surface. Cast-iron skillets that are safe for g...Nov 29, 2016 · Heat oven to 500 degrees. Using paper towels, rub 1 tablespoon (for 12-inch skillet) or 2 teaspoons (for 10-inch skillet) oil over surface. Using clean paper towels, thoroughly wipe out excess oil (surface should look dark and smooth). Place skillet in oven for 1 hour. Using potholders, remove skillet from oven and let cool completely. Shaw. 18, 1443 AH ... How to Clean Cast Iron with Soap · Place a small amount of non-abrasive soap or detergent in the middle of your grill pan. · Using steel wool, a...An alternative method to clean a cast iron skillet is using salt as a natural abrasive. Simply sprinkle coarse salt onto the pan and scrub with a sponge or cloth, then rinse with hot water. This method is …Clean the skillet: For a new cast iron skillet, wash it with warm water and mild soap to eliminate any factory residue or coatings. Re-season : If you are re-seasoning an existing skillet, clean it thoroughly by scrubbing it with hot water and a stiff brush to remove any food residues.How To Use Your Self-Cleaning Oven Top Clean Cast Iron Pans: Lower both your oven racks to the two bottom positions in the oven. Line the lowest rack with aluminum foil (to catch any drippings from the pan). Place the cookware upside down the the top rack in the oven. Bake for 1 hour, turn off oven, and leave the cookware in the …Oct 10, 2022 · Let it cool a bit and then scrape the pan with a spatula (metal or plastic), drain the water, give it a brisk wash off, dry it thoroughly, and apply a thin layer of oil. If that still doesn’t ... Heat oven to 500 degrees. Using paper towels, rub 1 tablespoon (for 12-inch skillet) or 2 teaspoons (for 10-inch skillet) oil over surface. Using clean paper towels, thoroughly wipe out excess oil (surface should look dark and smooth). Place skillet in oven for 1 hour. Using potholders, remove skillet from oven and let cool completely.Put the oiled pan in your oven set to 350 degrees Fahrenheit for an hour. Rub a little more oil on the pan while it's still warm but not hot, give it a few minutes to soak in and then wipe the surface with a paper towel. Advertisement. Cast-iron skillet care involves cleaning your favorite frying pan carefully.Remove any rust or cooked on bits of food. Preheat your oven to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. On the bottom rack, lay down a large piece of aluminum foil. This will catch any drippings from your pan as it bakes. Use a lint free cloth or paper towel and coat your cast iron with vegetable oil. You can also use canola oil.Tips and Tricks to Properly Clean Cast Iron. If you have a new skillet, use a soft sponge and hot water. Scrub all over, then heat on stovetop until all the water is dry. Then, season as usual. Clean immediately when you get through cooking. Dish soaps are gentler these days, not like lye that grandma used. It won’t hurt the cast iron to use a little Dawn dish …Let it cool a bit and then scrape the pan with a spatula (metal or plastic), drain the water, give it a brisk wash off, dry it thoroughly, and apply a thin layer of oil. If that still doesn’t ...Step 3: Use hot water, a scrub brush, scrubby or Brillo pad, and a dollop of dish soap, and wash the raw cast iron skillet. (If your skillet has rust spots on it, you might want to use a pan scraper like stainless steel wool on it.) Step 4: Rinse well with plain water, making sure you get ALL the soap residue off.Ram. 24, 1444 AH ... Sharing how I clean my cast iron skillet! Tips -cleaning it right after cooking while it's still warm is easiest -I don't usually use soap ...Fill your pan with water, high enough to completely submerge the burned or affected areas. Turn your burner to high and let your water come to a rolling boil.To clean a cast iron skillet, scrub the pan while it's still warm with a sponge or stiff brush. After washing your skillet, dry it immediately with a towel or on the stove. Never soak or put cast ...Rab. I 15, 1436 AH ... The best way to clean a cast iron skillet is surprisingly simple: warm water and a sponge or stiff brush are usually all you need. For tougher ...It’s an ideal shape for searing, roasting, and sautéing. $40 from Amazon. $50 from Sur La Table. The Lodge Chef Collection 12 Inch Cast Iron Skillet did well in all our tests, and impressively ...Rinse, repeat scrubbing, and rinse again. Combine 2 cups each white distilled vinegar and water. Fill skillet with vinegar solution and let stand for 30 minutes to 1 hour. Discard solution in skillet and use remaining solution to wipe outside of skillet. Rinse well and immediately apply oil to surface. First Geoffrey recommends using two cast iron pans – one for fish, and the other for meat. To clean, he just cranks up the heat and adds a bunch of kosher sa...Set your oven to 350 degrees F (or 177 degrees C), apply a thin layer of vegetable oil all over (even the handle), and place upside down on the middle rack for an hour. (This step is known as "seasoning" your cast-iron skillet.) Turn your oven off, allow your cast-iron cool down, pat dry with paper towels, and call it a night.Jan 20, 2023 · Step 1: Gather materials. Photo: Bruce Peter Morin. To properly clean your cast-iron skillet, you’ll need the following supplies: Steel wool scrubber. Scrub brush or sponge. Soft cloth (for ... Cover the bottom of the pan with a thick layer of kosher salt. Add about 1/2 inch of cooking oil and place over high heat. When the oil reaches the smoke point, pour the salt and oil into a heatproof bowl to cool before discarding. Using a ball of paper towels, rub the inside of the pan until smooth.Feb 8, 2024 · Alternatively, use a small handful of coarse salt and scrub with that. Dry the skillet thoroughly with a cloth or paper towel—drip drying is a no-no—then heat it on a medium-low burner to evaporate any remaining moisture. (Rust will accumulate if water is allowed to sit on the pan’s surface.) Add a half teaspoon of oil (I used canola) to ... Jul 19, 2020 · How to Season a Rusty Cast Iron SkilletHow to Fix and Clean a Cast Iron PanIn this video I restored an old 50 year old cast iron skillet.My Cast Iron Cooking... 57K. Share. 3.2M views 2 years ago. Want to keep your cast iron cookware looking like new? Chef Frank Proto demonstrates and explains everything you need to …Oct 4, 2019 · Here's what to do: Coat the cast iron cookware liberally with vegetable oil or shortening. Be sure to do the inside and outside. If there's a lid, do it, too. Then, place your cookware in a 300-degree oven for one hour. Remove the cookware from the oven and wipe off any liquified shortening. Your pan is now seasoned! Pre-heat the oven to 450 degrees F. Use a lint-free cloth to rub cooking oil over all surfaces of the cast iron pan. I recommend using grapeseed oil, canola oil, or BuzzyWaxx for seasoning. Once the oil has been applied, take another clean, lint-free cloth and buff all surfaces of the pan to remove excess oil.Once the skillet is cleaned to your satisfaction, rinse it well and then set it on the stove over medium heat for a few minutes to dry. Finally, when the skillet is completely dry and still warm, use a cloth or paper towel to coat it very lightly with vegetable oil (you’ll need about 1/2 teaspoon for a 10-inch pan). Explore Bon Appétit How-To Cleaning Tools. Get one year of unlimited recipes for just $6. For minor rust spots, scrubbing with coarse salt will do—but to restore fully rusted cast iron, our 3 ...Ram. 5, 1434 AH ... Comments3.1K · Rusty Cast Iron Skillet Restoration · Stripping a Cast Iron Skillet with Easy-Off Oven Cleaner | Plus Seasoning & Maintenance &...Apply the salt scrub to the pan’s surface and spot clean with a folded kitchen towel or washcloth. For seriously crusted skillets, spread 1 cup of salt on a still-warm pan. Then, likewise, fold a towel and scour the trouble zones. Finish off with a final rinse, then dry and season like normal.Lodge Pan Scrapers, 2-Pack. $6.95. Amazon. Buy Now. Save to Wish List. Simply scrape away food with this magic piece of plastic, and you’ll wonder why you ever thought caring for cast iron was hard. There are other tools that work, but none that are so effortless to clean and put away. This brush will do the job, but it looks gross after just ...Rab. I 5, 1442 AH ... To clean and cure a rusted, beaten-up skillet, scour the surface with steel wool (gloves are highly suggested for this step) until the rust has ...Method 1: Using Salt. Boil water in the skillet to loosen stuck food particles. Dry the pan using a paper towel or dishcloth, noticing some black color rubbing off. Pour half a cup of salt into the skillet and spread it around. Gently rub the salt on the skillet using a paper towel in round circular motions.
An antique cast-iron skillet may be identified by the markings on the bottom of the skillet, the location of those markings, the pour spout, and the characteristics of the handle a.... Mike evans trade
Poured and cast from molten iron, polished interior surface, slightly heavier in weight for maximum heat retention. USES. Compatible with all cooktops, ovens, and grills, even over fire. CARE. Keep cast iron thoroughly dry between uses and season with a light sheen of oil as needed. WHY CAST IRON.Your cast iron skillet should be cleaned after every single use. Whether you're cooking meat or cornbread, the method for cleaning is simple and consistent. Let the skillet cool after use, then rinse it out with warm water, using a dish towel or soft sponge to wipe out any residue. You can even use a small amount of gentle dish soap if there is ...Jan 11, 2021 · To eliminate the unwanted odor, simply bake your cast iron pan in the oven at 400 degrees F for 15 minutes. This easy, odor-eliminating method won't damage the seasoning on your cookware. A traditional method calls for you to sprinkle a layer of regular table salt on the cooking surface of your cookware, leave it on overnight, and rinse it off ... How To Use Your Self-Cleaning Oven Top Clean Cast Iron Pans: Lower both your oven racks to the two bottom positions in the oven. Line the lowest rack with aluminum foil (to catch any drippings from the pan). Place the cookware upside down the the top rack in the oven. Bake for 1 hour, turn off oven, and leave the cookware in the …More info and tips at http://victoriacookware.com/use-care/ HOW TO CLEAN CAST IRON FOR EVERYDAY USEBy following these steps you can make sure your cookware s...Apply the salt scrub to the pan’s surface and spot clean with a folded kitchen towel or washcloth. For seriously crusted skillets, spread 1 cup of salt on a still-warm pan. Then, likewise, fold a towel and scour the trouble zones. Finish off with a final rinse, then dry and season like normal.May 19, 2021 · To clean a cast iron skillet, scrub the pan while it's still warm with a sponge or stiff brush. After washing your skillet, dry it immediately with a towel or on the stove. Never soak or put cast ... To clean a cast iron skillet, scrub the pan while it's still warm with a sponge or stiff brush. After washing your skillet, dry it immediately with a towel or on the stove. Never soak or put cast ...Jun 9, 2021 · 1. Heat your clean cast iron pan on the stove until it's crazy hot. 2. Pour a little canola oil or flaxseed oil on a wad of paper towel and rub it all over the pan. Do not touch that hot pan with your unprotected hand. Then wipe the surface with a clean paper towel to remove excess oil. You do NOT want a thick slick of oil on your pan ... If you’re a cooking enthusiast, you probably understand the importance of having the right tools in your kitchen. One such essential tool is a cast iron skillet. Not only does it d...Removing black grease from a cast iron skillet is straightforward. Boil water in the cast iron and scrape it with a wooden spoon or plastic spatula. Once the water dirties, pour the water out and wipe the cast iron with a soft cloth or paper towel. Repeat as necessary. After the initial cleaning, reseason the cast iron using the oven method.Jan 15, 2024 · Cleaning a cast iron skillet is an essential part of maintaining its quality and durability. Cast iron skillets are a popular choice among home cooks and professional chefs alike due to their ability to retain heat and distribute it evenly. However, cleaning them can be a daunting task, especially if you are not familiar with ... <a title="Best Method for Cleaning Cast Iron Skillet: A ... Jan 29, 2020 · Seasoning Basics. Once the pan is clean, it should be seasoned. This is done by warming it in the oven for a few minutes then applying a little shortening, vegetable oil, lard, or bacon fat to the surface of the pan. Put the skillet back into a 225-degree-Fahrenheit oven for 30 minutes. Lancaster Cast Iron Skillet: The heftiest thing about this light skillet is its $175 price tag. And while it got ripping hot quickly, it lost heat faster than most pans. The short handle was also difficult to use, but the ultra-smooth surface did make for a reliably nonstick experience straight out of the box.An oven will heat the pan more evenly than the stovetop will, leading to a better initial layer of seasoning. Repeat the oiling and heating steps three to four times until your pan is nearly pitch black. Pull it out of the oven, place it on the stovetop to cool. Your pan is now seasoned and ready to go.Jum. I 28, 1445 AH ... While the pan is still hot, use a nylon bristle brush or chainmail scrubber to gently remove food. Using a paste made up of coarse kosher salt ...Step 16: After Shots. Sanding and Polishing - Cast Iron Skillet Cookware: First thing, this isn't a hard project. This process isn't a one hour project. When finished you will have a piece of cookware that you will love, and wonder why you ever spent the money on a new high cost cast iron pan..Nov 22, 2023 · Rinse and dry the pan. Using a paper towel, coat the entire surface of the pan with a neutral oil, inside and out. Place the skillet upside down on the top rack of your hot oven for one hour. Place aluminum foil underneath the rack to catch any excess oil that drips. .